Выступление Э.А. Шеварднадзе в Гарвардском университете (1991 г.)
ВыступлениеЭ.А. Шеварднадзе вГарвардскомуниверситете(1991 г.)
Чтобы чувствовать себя уверенно в мире, в котором будет падать роль ядерного оружия, нам нужно знать, как мы сможем защититься от ядерного терроризма. В настоящее время существуют весьма точные неядерные вооружения, способные хирургическими ударами сорвать планы возможных террористов. Разумеется, эта проблема заслуживает самого серьезного рассмотрения.
Мы не должны забывать и другой благоприятствующий фактор — нашу способность достаточно точно знать, что происходит в мире с точки зрения военной активности. Эта прозрачность мира будет только нарастать, а с нею повышаться наша уверенность, что все меньше и меньше будет неожиданностей, что все больше мы будем знать о происходящем в самых далеких уголках земного шара.
Было бы неверным представлять дело так, будто все опасности проистекают от ядерного, химического или бактериологического оружия. Просто этот ряд опасностей мы должны постараться свести к нулю, ибо они очень дорого могут стоить человечеству.
Честно говоря, меня беспокоит то, что мы стали более терпеливыми к угрозе, скажем, ядерной катастрофы. Да, мир изменился. В нем нет более того острого военного противостояния, которое вызывало острый стресс буквально у каждого человека.
Сейчас положение иное — политически и психологически. Но при всем том десятки тысяч ядерных зарядов остаются в арсеналах ядерных держав. К сожалению, замедлились темпы разоруженческих процессов. После первоначальных ярких успехов топчутся на месте переговоры по стратегическим ядерным вооружениям, по запрещению химического оружия, неоправданно задержалась ратификация Договора по обычным силам в Европе.
Закончилось уничтожение всех ракет средней и меньшей дальности, подпадающих под действие договора. Но образовался и разрыв в работе конвейера, работающего по уничтожению ракет. А военные заводы ведь продолжают работать, пусть даже не на прежнюю мощность.
Нельзя оставить недостроенным то здание нового мира, которое мы совместно взялись создать. Если мы не будем каждый день что-то надстраивать, то это здание придет в упадок, начнет деградировать.
Этого нельзя допустить. Наши дети не простят нам упущенных шансов, ибо они получат в этом случае не такое хорошее образование, не лучшую медицинскую помощь и другие социальные услуги.
Мы стоим еще в самом начале пути в наших поисках того, как можно упорядочить торговлю обычным оружием, создать региональные структуры безопасности, учредить механизмы по предотвращению возникновения кризисных ситуаций. Всем надо приспособиться к новым реалиям, к новому облику мира.
Ведь сегодня он радикальным и даже неузнаваемым образом отличается от того, каким он был даже несколько лет тому назад. Позади остались не только «холодная война», длительные вооруженные конфликты в разных регионах мира. Сегодня мы говорим о единой Германии, как об элементарном факте жизни.
Но разве все это было возможным еще пару лет назад? Представить себе подобное было трудно.
Мир становится единым в своих действиях, в своих желаниях избавиться от тяжкого наследия прошлого.
Среди этого наследия и ядерные испытания, ядерные арсеналы. В новой обстановке, на новом витке сознания общности человечества от них пора, можно и надо избавиться.
Ученые во всех странах должны помочь людям осознать происшедшее, понять суть изменений и сказать, какую дорогу нам нужно избрать, чтобы не заблудиться в лесу жизни и политики.
Нам всем нужен прогноз на будущее. Надо объединить для этого силы, выступающие за мир, свободу и демократию.
Спасибо за внимание.
* * *
То feel confident/sure/to ensure a feeling of confidence in a world in which/the role of nuclear weapons will be diminished/will decline/nuclear weapons will play a less important role/will be less important/, we need to know how to defend/protect ourselves from nuclear terrorism. At the present time/now/currently there are/there exist highly accurate non-nuclear weapons, which through surgical strikes have the ability/capability/capacity to thwart/block/undermine the plans of possible/potential terrorists. Naturally/of course,/this problem merits/deserves the most serious consideration.
We must/should not forget still/yet another positive factor: our ability to know with reasonable accuracy/quite/rather accurately what is taking place/happening/occurring/in the world from the point of view of/as regards military activity/as far as military activity is concerned. This transparency of the world will clearly/certainly
continue to grow, along/together/with our enhanced/increased confidence that there will be less and less unexpected/surprise factors/ elements, and that we will know more and more/increasingly more about what is taking place/happening/occurring/in the most remote corners of the globe/everywhere/throughout the world.
It would be wrong to view the issue/to see things/as though all dangers are derived/stem from nuclear, chemical or bacteriological weapons. We must simply try to wipe out/eliminate/rid ourselves of this category of/set of/these kinds of dangers, which otherwise may make mankind pay a very high price/may prove very costly to mankind.
Frankly speaking, I am concerned by the fact that we have become more tolerant of such threats as that of nuclear disaster. Yes, the world has changed. It no longer is fraught with/contains/is characterized by that drastic/acute/military confrontation which imposed/caused terrible/enormous/drastic/acute stress on/for/each and every/literally each and every/individual/luiman being.
Today/Now the situation is different, politically and psychologically. Nevertheless, (dozens of) thousands of nuclear warheads remain in the arsenals of the nuclear powers. Unfortunately, the rate/pace of progress in disarmament/the disarmament process, has slowed (down). After the first/initial striking successes, we see stalling/there is now a process of marking time/in negotiations on strategic nuclear weapons, on the prohibition of chemical weapons, and there has been an unwarranted delay in the ratification of the treaty on conventional forces in Europe.
The destruction of all intermediate and shorter range missiles has been completed, missiles covered by the treaty. But a gap has now appeared/emerged in the work of the assembly line for destroying missiles. And military plants are continuing their operations, although not at/at less than/their former capacity.
We cannot leave unfinished that edifice/building/construction of a new world, which we have jointly undertaken to create. If we do not, every single day, add something to that structure/continue the building process,/the building will start to collapse and deteriorate/ decline and fall.
That/cannot be allowed (to happen)/must not happen/must not be.
Our children will not forgive us lost opportunities, for then they will not be getting such a good education, or the best medical care, or other social services.
We are still at the very beginning/first stages of our search for ways to organize the trade/traffic in conventional weapons, to
establish regional security arrangements/systems, to establish/set up machinery/mechanisms to prevent (the emergence/outbreak of) crisis situations. We must all adapt to new realities, to/the new face of the/a changed/different/world.
For today, it is radically and even unrecognizably/staggeringly different from what it was only a few years ago. We have left behind both the Cold War and protracted/drawn-out/lengthy armed conflicts in various regions of the world. Today we speak of a united Germany as of an elementary/basic fact of life.
But would/could all this really have been possible just a couple of/even two years ago? It would have been difficult to imagine something like this/of this sort/something similar.
The world is becoming one — in its actions, in its desire/hope/ wish to rid itself of the onerous/burdensome legacy of the past.
That legacy includes nuclear tests and nuclear arsenals. In a new situation, at a new level of awareness of mankind’s sense of community/of what mankind has in common/shares, it is time to/there is a need to get rid of them/it is high time — and it is our obligation — to get rid of them.
Scientists/scholars/academics/thinkers/in all countries must help people to become aware of/what has happened/the significance of events, to understand the thrust/point/of the changes and to point out/indicate/what road we need to take to avoid losing our way in the forest/thickets of life and politics.
We all need a prognosis for the future. For that, we need to unite those forces which are championing/advocating/advancing peace, freedom and democracy.
Комментарии:
- внастоящеевремя— “now” is much shorter than “at the present
time” if the interpreter is rushed. - сточкизрения— is often not literally “from the point of view of,” but
rather “as regards, concerning.” - опроисходящемвсамыхдалекихуголкахземногошара— a simple
translation of происходящемis “events,” and with a fast speaker
“everywhere” will save a lot of time for “самыхдалекихуголкахземно
гошара.” - былобыневерным— the best solution here is “It would be wrong.”
“Incorrect” should be avoided; this sounds like a schoolteacher correcting
a student.<strong/>
- остроговоенногопротивостояния, острыйстресс— the interpreter
should not automatically think of “acute” for “острый,” as more often
than not this can mean “drastic,” “critical,” “urgent,” “burning,” or a
good many other adjectives. - десяткитысячядерныхбоеголовок— “tens of thousands” would
sound very awkward in English, and “dozens of thousands” (since dozen
is often a translation of десятка) is even worse. The idea is that there are
lots and lots of them, and simply “many thousands” of nuclear warheads,
or just “thousands of is quite enough. - топчутсянаместепереговоры— the negotiations are stalled, not going
anywhere, marking time, at a standstill will all do here.
8) неоправданно— here “unwarranted” works much better than
“unjustified,” which would require an explanation — unjustified for what
reason?
9) зданиепридетвупадок— edifice is much better than building, both
because it is stylistically more literary and because “building” could be the
gerund of the verb “to build” as well as a noun.
- этогонельзядопустить— “this must be prevented,” “this must not
happen,” would work as well as “this cannot be allowed.” - вэтомслучае— the idea here is “if that happens,” (which is a
possible translation), rather than the literal and more clumsy “in that
case.” Or the interpreter could just say “Then,” which is much shorter
than the other variants. - мыстоимещевсамомначалепути— “path” as a translation for
путьshould be avoided insofar as possible, as it is hackneyed and often
does not fit the context. Here the idea is that we are at the very beginning
or first/initial stage of the search. - позадиосталисьнетолькохолоднаявойна— here the sentence can
safely be translated in an active mood: “We have left behind.” “And” must
be inserted between “Cold War” and “protracted conflicts.” If the
interpreter fails to do so, he can add “etc.” after “in various regions of the
world” to finish the sentence. - но разве все это было возможным — “really” can render the force
of разве. - ученыевовсехстранах— the word ученый often presents problems.
Since the question of destroying weapons has been discussed, “scientists”
is a valid translation. But the context here is a broad one, of understanding
the significance of events, and so “scholars,” “academics,” (in particular
since this speech was given in a university setting) or “thinkers” would
also work. - чтобынезаблудитьсявлесужизнииполитики— “forest of life” is
a possibility, but “thickets” (рощи) sounds better in English, and has
more of a connotation of a dark, impenetrable mass in which one can lose
one’s way.
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- прогноз— the best choice here is “prognosis,” which is stylistically
neutral. “Forecast” suggests the weather (прогноз погоды) while
“predictions” is too vague and could equally well apply to fortune telling. - надообъединить— can be rendered in the active mood as “We need
to unite,” which will sound stronger — and this is the end of the speech —
than “There is a need to unite.” - выступающиезамир, свободуидемократию— though “favor” is
often a useful translation of выступать, here it is too weak. This is the
end of the speech and needs something more ringing and much stronger.
“Champion” would set an appropriately forceful tone.